Operational cash flow is consistently insufficient to cover capital requirements, evidenced by a negative $182.2M AFFO in 2026Q1 and a FCF margin that bottomed at -30.5% in 2025Q1.
| Metric | TTM | Dec'25 | Dec'24 | Dec'23 | Dec'22 | Dec'21 | Dec'20 | Dec'19 | Dec'18 | Dec'17 | Dec'16 | Dec'15 | Dec'14 | Dec'13 | Dec'12 | Dec'11 | Dec'10 | Dec'09 | Dec'08 | Dec'07 | Dec'06 | Dec'05 | Dec'04 | Dec'03 | Dec'02 | Dec'01 | Dec'00 | Dec'99 | Dec'98 | Dec'97 | Dec'96 |
|---|
| Cash from Operations | 1.48B | 1.34B | 1.2B | 1.11B | 927.7M | 758.9M | 987.66M | 966.65M | 935.55M | 720.97M | 543.89M | 541.76M | 472.95M | 507.55M | 432.74M | 615.44M | 625.14M | 616.91M | 537.03M | 484.64M | 374.28M | 288.69M | 305.36M | 160.91M | 254.95M | 160.91M | 157.6M | 55.4M | 40.7M | 21M | 26.44M |
| Operating CF Growth % | 91.4% | 11.97% | 7.47% | 20.04% | 22.24% | -23.16% | 2.17% | 3.32% | 29.76% | 32.56% | 0.39% | 14.55% | -6.82% | 17.29% | -29.69% | -1.55% | 1.33% | 14.87% | 10.81% | 29.49% | 29.65% | -5.46% | 89.77% | -36.89% | 58.44% | 2.1% | 184.48% | 36.12% | 93.81% | -20.57% | - |
| Operating CF / Revenue % | 20.44% | 19.42% | 19.46% | 20.32% | 18.18% | 16.9% | 23.81% | 22.68% | 22.14% | 18.75% | 15.49% | 18.01% | 15.17% | 16.77% | 14.4% | 20.41% | 21.43% | 20.47% | 17.58% | 17.75% | 15.92% | 13.89% | 16.8% | 10.72% | 19.34% | 13.74% | 15.98% | 10.66% | 15.06% | 11.44% | 20.38% |
| Net Income | 272.3M | 152.25M | 183.67M | 187.26M | 562.15M | 452.73M | 343.1M | 268.31M | 364.55M | 185.43M | 107.23M | 125.2M | 328.75M | 100.79M | 176.72M | 246.41M | 167.02M | 222.31M | 82.04M | 153.09M | 128.86M | 84.64M | 94.19M | -44.06M | 67.03M | -44.06M | -24.93M | -14.3M | -11M | -9.2M | 2.52M |
| Depreciation & Amortization | 770.45M | 1.06B | 926.49M | 793.02M | 745.64M | 696.97M | 669.45M | 658.2M | 639.51M | 522.38M | 452.33M | 345.46M | 353.14M | 322.04M | 316.34M | 290.64M | 281.44M | 283.57M | 295.72M | 254.66M | 213.84M | 134.57M | 167.28M | 158.2M | 114.76M | 158.52M | 129.41M | 67.4M | 37.2M | 22.6M | 12.87M |
| Stock-Based Compensation | 142.44M | 140.28M | 118.14M | 73.8M | 56.86M | 61M | 37.67M | 35.65M | 31.17M | 30.02M | 28.98M | 27.59M | 29.62M | 30.35M | 30.36M | 17.25M | 17.27M | 18.7M | 18.99M | 13.86M | 12.39M | 6.19M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Non-Cash Items | 123.26M | 92.34M | 82.23M | 135.34M | -128.6M | -348.83M | -183.92M | -3.65M | -38.66M | 121.46M | 66.54M | 94.39M | 65.28M | 112.93M | 29.6M | 56.61M | 147.9M | 31.37M | 58.12M | 18.26M | -22.02M | -223K | 13.83M | -93M | 8.23M | 35.71M | 30.23M | 15.6M | 11.4M | 200K | -2.6M |
| Working Capital Changes | 204.39M | -60.55M | -72.4M | -40.59M | -252.44M | -131.67M | 134.35M | 8.76M | -50.29M | -101.95M | -60.81M | -43.41M | -33.05M | 40.87M | -43.08M | 1.14M | -28.5M | 31.24M | -26.94M | 960K | -11.93M | 2.03M | -32.09M | -4.62M | 27.57M | -1.04M | 17.45M | -22.3M | -200K | -2.1M | 13.26M |
| Cash from Investing | -2.34B | -2.57B | -2.14B | -1.44B | -1.66B | -473.31M | -85.44M | -730.88M | -2.22B | -599.45M | -535.99M | -422.79M | -479.98M | -637.69M | -400.2M | 78.51M | -432.67M | -324.07M | -459.59M | -866.63M | -466.71M | -586.63M | -626.52M | -278.14M | -247.76M | -278.14M | -327.63M | -311.1M | -253M | -156.5M | -108.84M |
| Acquisitions (Net) | -49.68M | -101.63M | -188.25M | -57.68M | -876.92M | -68.74M | -136.83M | -77.46M | -1.76B | -190.47M | -261.31M | -113.56M | -128.09M | -317.1M | -127.46M | -75.58M | -13.84M | -2.03M | -56.63M | -481.53M | -81.21M | -178.24M | -384.34M | -379.89M | -49.36M | -71.4M | -140.94M | 0 | 0 | 0 | -61.18M |
| Purchase of Investments | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -335K | 0 | -3.11M | -1.71M | 0 | -5.94M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Sale of Investments | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other Investing | -129M | -200.95M | -94.56M | -41.58M | 100.08M | 219.81M | 504.64M | 95.03M | 68.2M | 9.34M | 104.69M | 2.27M | 44.49M | -3.1M | -3.18M | 385.28M | -146.78M | 4.6M | -400.9M | 1.33M | 16.66M | 27.62M | -10.22M | -2.27M | -1.4M | -9.7M | -17.98M | -200K | -3.6M | -2M | -18.55M |
| Cash from Financing | 960.3M | 1.27B | 876.75M | 425.67M | 639.21M | -220.81M | -886.7M | -198.97M | 550.68M | 540.42M | 125.37M | -108.51M | 19.86M | 18.56M | 28.23M | -763.81M | -381.23M | -129.69M | 87.37M | 457M | 82.73M | 315.05M | 276.57M | 134.9M | 27.1M | 134.9M | 172.41M | 257.9M | 212.9M | 136.1M | 82.94M |
| Dividends Paid | -971.5M | -919.39M | -789.53M | -737.65M | -724.39M | -718.34M | -716.29M | -704.53M | -673.63M | -440M | -505.87M | -406.51M | -542.3M | -206.8M | -318.85M | -172.62M | -37.89M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -602K |
| Common Dividends | -695.91M | -919.39M | -789.53M | -737.65M | -724.39M | -718.34M | -716.29M | -704.53M | -673.63M | -440M | -505.87M | -406.51M | -542.3M | -206.8M | -318.85M | -172.62M | -37.89M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -602K |
| Debt Issuance (Net) | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | -1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | -1000K | -1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K | 1000K |
| Share Repurchases | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -38.05M | -984.95M | -111.56M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -5.45M | -41M | -1.1M | -600K | -1.45M |
| Other Financing | 1.47B | -160.04M | 1.16M | -17.08M | 10.23M | -45.56M | -25.15M | -4.73M | -17.55M | 11.53M | 14.62M | 905K | 42.18M | -6.89M | 39.47M | 77.21M | 19.12M | 29.77M | 21.26M | 631K | 4.39M | 0 | -53.36M | 6.71M | -3.64M | 21.22M | 11.43M | 160.4M | 132.2M | -1.3M | -2.63M |
| Net Change in Cash | 95.37M | 2.82M | -67.07M | 80.99M | -114.03M | 50.77M | 11.51M | 28.07M | -760.21M | 689.22M | 108.1M | 2.45M | 5.41M | -122.89M | 63.57M | -78.85M | -187.96M | 168.29M | 152.76M | 80.24M | -8.04M | 18.39M | -42.74M | 15.16M | 34.93M | 15.16M | 2.37M | 2.1M | 212.9M | 136.1M | 532K |
| Exchange Rate Effect | -7.28M | -30.89M | -3.77M | -13.88M | -20.51M | -14.02M | -4.01M | -8.73M | -24.56M | 27.27M | -25.17M | -8.02M | -7.42M | -11.31M | 2.8M | -8.99M | 801K | 5.13M | -12.04M | 5.22M | 1.65M | 1.28M | 1.85M | -2.52M | 644K | -2.52M | -15K | -100K | 212.3M | 135.5M | 0 |
| Cash at Beginning | 158.53M | 155.72M | 222.79M | 141.8M | 255.83M | 205.06M | 193.56M | 165.49M | 925.7M | 236.48M | 128.38M | 125.93M | 120.53M | 243.41M | 179.84M | 258.69M | 446.66M | 278.37M | 125.61M | 45.37M | 53.41M | 56.29M | 74.68M | 6.2M | 21.36M | 6.2M | 3.83M | 1.7M | 1.8M | 1.3M | 722K |
| Cash at End | 250.71M | 158.53M | 155.72M | 222.79M | 141.8M | 255.83M | 205.06M | 193.56M | 165.49M | 925.7M | 236.48M | 128.38M | 125.93M | 120.53M | 243.41M | 179.84M | 258.69M | 446.66M | 278.37M | 125.61M | 45.37M | 74.68M | 31.94M | 21.36M | 56.29M | 21.36M | 6.2M | 3.8M | 214.7M | 137.4M | 1.25M |
| Free Cash Flow | -624.7M | -931.63M | -657.24M | -231.53M | 44.11M | 134.53M | 534.4M | 218.2M | 403.01M | 302.65M | 164.53M | 196.4M | 76.58M | 190.06M | 163.18M | 384.58M | 353.09M | 293.39M | 135.78M | 98.2M | -21.94M | 91.62M | 73.4M | 84.22M | 57.95M | -36.13M | -11.1M | -255.5M | -178.5M | -208.1M | -2.67M |
| FCF Growth % | 29.83% | -41.75% | -183.87% | -624.87% | -67.21% | -74.83% | 144.92% | -45.86% | 33.16% | 83.95% | -16.23% | 156.47% | -59.71% | 16.47% | -57.57% | 8.92% | 20.35% | 116.08% | 38.26% | 547.61% | -123.95% | 24.82% | -12.85% | 45.32% | 260.4% | -225.44% | 95.65% | -43.14% | 14.22% | -7685.26% | - |
| FCF / Revenue % | -8.62% | -13.5% | -10.69% | -4.22% | 0.86% | 3% | 12.89% | 5.12% | 9.54% | 7.87% | 4.69% | 6.53% | 2.46% | 6.28% | 5.43% | 12.76% | 12.11% | 9.74% | 4.44% | 3.6% | -0.93% | 4.41% | 4.04% | 5.61% | 4.4% | -3.09% | -1.13% | -49.18% | -66.04% | -113.41% | -2.06% |
Negative AFFO cash burn
As reported in financial statements, Iron Mountain has consistently generated negative AFFO over the last ten quarters, with the 2026Q1 figure of -$182.2M highlighting a structural disconnect between reported FFO and the actual cash available for distribution after accounting for heavy maintenance and growth-related capital expenditures.
The company's reliance on external financing to fund dividend payments appears unsustainable over the long term given the persistent negative AFFO. Investors should monitor whether the current capital allocation strategy can eventually pivot to self-funding, as the current payout ratio relative to AFFO is mathematically undefined due to the negative cash generation.
Based on recent SEC filings, Iron Mountain's quarterly capital expenditures have surged to as high as $683.7M in 2025Q1, reflecting an aggressive investment cycle that consistently outpaces the cash generated from operations and complicates the assessment of true maintenance versus growth-oriented capital deployment.
The heavy investment in data center infrastructure and racking systems suggests that a significant portion of reported capex is growth-related, yet the lack of positive AFFO implies that these investments have not yet reached a cash-generative maturity. This high capital intensity warrants further investigation into whether the company is under-reporting maintenance capex to artificially inflate FFO metrics.
According to the provided data, the FFO to Net Income ratio reached a volatile peak of 15.70 in 2023Q4, illustrating how substantial non-cash depreciation charges significantly distort GAAP earnings and obscure the underlying cash-generative potential of the company's diverse real estate and infrastructure asset base.
The wide variance between GAAP net income and FFO suggests that traditional earnings metrics are largely irrelevant for evaluating this REIT's performance. The reliance on FFO as a primary performance indicator may be misleading if the depreciation schedules for newer data center assets do not accurately reflect the economic useful life of the equipment.
Data from the last ten quarters reveals that Iron Mountain's FCF margin has remained consistently negative, bottoming out at -30.5% in 2025Q1, which suggests that the company's aggressive capitalization of maintenance costs may be masking significant ongoing cash obligations required to sustain its global physical records infrastructure.
The persistent negative free cash flow appears to indicate that the company is effectively financing its operations and dividends through debt or equity issuance rather than organic cash flow. This structure warrants further investigation into whether the company's off-balance-sheet obligations or capitalized maintenance costs are creating a future liquidity bottleneck.
Quick answers to the most common questions about buying IRM stock.
Iron Mountain Incorporated (IRM) generated $1.34B in net cash from operating activities in 2025. This reflects the cash generated directly from core business operations.
Iron Mountain Incorporated (IRM) reported negative free cash flow of $931.6M in 2025, indicating capital requirements exceeded cash from operations.
Iron Mountain Incorporated (IRM) spent $2.27B on capital expenditures in 2025. CapEx represents the cash invested in physical assets like property, plant, and equipment to maintain or grow the business.
In 2025, Iron Mountain Incorporated (IRM) returned $919.4M to shareholders via cash dividends. This shows the company's commitment to returning capital to its equity investors.