Latest Ratios: P/E Ratio 26.8x · EV/EBITDA 21.8x · ROE 35.2%. (1996–2025 historical series)
Price-based multiples — how expensive the stock is relative to earnings, sales, book value, and cash flow
| Metric | TTM | FY 2025 | FY 2024 | FY 2023 | FY 2022 | FY 2021 | FY 2020 | FY 2019 | FY 2018 | FY 2017 | FY 2016 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Market Cap | $281.0B | $281.0B | $206.0B | $150.8B | $128.5B | $120.9B | $107.8B | $114.3B | $99.5B | $137.4B | $152.0B |
| Enterprise Value | $334.5B | $334.5B | $250.5B | $197.7B | $174.7B | $169.4B | $159.7B | $174.3B | $133.9B | $172.2B | $186.3B |
| P/E Ratio → | 26.81 | 26.52 | 34.19 | 20.09 | 78.27 | 21.05 | 19.30 | 12.12 | 11.39 | 23.87 | 12.81 |
| P/S Ratio | 4.16 | 4.16 | 3.28 | 2.44 | 2.12 | 2.11 | 1.95 | 1.98 | 1.25 | 1.74 | 1.90 |
| P/B Ratio | 8.68 | 8.58 | 7.52 | 6.67 | 5.84 | 6.37 | 5.20 | 5.45 | 5.88 | 7.75 | 8.26 |
| P/FCF | 24.27 | 24.28 | 17.52 | 12.44 | 15.19 | 12.06 | 7.20 | 9.64 | 8.82 | 10.61 | 11.75 |
| P/OCF | 21.30 | 21.30 | 15.32 | 10.83 | 12.32 | 9.45 | 5.92 | 7.74 | 6.52 | 8.21 | 8.90 |
P/E links to full P/E history page with 30-year chart
Enterprise-value multiples — capital-structure-neutral measures of total business value
| Metric | TTM | FY 2025 | FY 2024 | FY 2023 | FY 2022 | FY 2021 | FY 2020 | FY 2019 | FY 2018 | FY 2017 | FY 2016 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EV / Revenue | — | 4.95 | 3.99 | 3.20 | 2.89 | 2.95 | 2.89 | 3.02 | 1.68 | 2.18 | 2.33 |
| EV / EBITDA | 21.80 | 21.80 | 16.99 | 13.90 | 13.46 | 12.75 | 14.06 | 12.82 | 7.57 | 9.74 | 9.78 |
| EV / EBIT | 32.39 | 27.28 | 33.36 | 19.20 | 73.63 | 28.27 | 41.37 | 20.39 | 11.10 | 14.33 | 14.38 |
| EV / FCF | — | 28.90 | 21.30 | 16.31 | 20.64 | 16.89 | 10.67 | 14.69 | 11.87 | 13.30 | 14.41 |
Margins and return-on-capital ratios measuring operating efficiency
Full margin charts and quarterly trend are on the Earnings History page
| Metric | TTM | FY 2025 | FY 2024 | FY 2023 | FY 2022 | FY 2021 | FY 2020 | FY 2019 | FY 2018 | FY 2017 | FY 2016 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gross Margin | 59.5% | 59.5% | 56.7% | 55.4% | 54.0% | 54.9% | 55.9% | 54.6% | 46.4% | 46.7% | 48.2% |
| Operating Margin | 15.3% | 15.3% | 16.1% | 15.9% | 13.5% | 12.0% | 8.4% | 13.1% | 16.6% | 16.6% | 18.4% |
| Net Profit Margin | 15.7% | 15.7% | 9.6% | 12.1% | 2.7% | 10.0% | 10.1% | 16.3% | 11.0% | 7.3% | 14.9% |
| Metric | TTM | FY 2025 | FY 2024 | FY 2023 | FY 2022 | FY 2021 | FY 2020 | FY 2019 | FY 2018 | FY 2017 | FY 2016 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ROE | 35.2% | 35.2% | 24.1% | 33.6% | 8.0% | 28.9% | 26.8% | 49.7% | 50.4% | 31.9% | 72.4% |
| ROA | 7.3% | 7.3% | 4.4% | 5.7% | 1.3% | 4.0% | 3.6% | 6.8% | 7.0% | 4.7% | 10.4% |
| ROIC | 9.8% | 9.8% | 10.7% | 10.7% | 9.0% | 7.4% | 4.6% | 8.5% | 19.1% | 18.7% | 22.2% |
| ROCE | 9.5% | 9.5% | 9.8% | 10.0% | 8.4% | 6.4% | 4.0% | 7.6% | 15.3% | 15.5% | 18.6% |
Solvency and debt-coverage ratios — lower is generally safer
| Metric | TTM | FY 2025 | FY 2024 | FY 2023 | FY 2022 | FY 2021 | FY 2020 | FY 2019 | FY 2018 | FY 2017 | FY 2016 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Debt / Equity | 2.05 | 2.05 | 2.13 | 2.65 | 2.45 | 2.90 | 3.14 | 3.25 | 2.71 | 2.64 | 2.29 |
| Debt / EBITDA | 4.38 | 4.38 | 3.96 | 4.22 | 4.16 | 4.15 | 5.73 | 5.01 | 2.59 | 2.65 | 2.21 |
| Net Debt / Equity | — | 1.63 | 1.62 | 2.07 | 2.09 | 2.55 | 2.50 | 2.86 | 2.03 | 1.97 | 1.87 |
| Net Debt / EBITDA | 3.49 | 3.49 | 3.02 | 3.30 | 3.55 | 3.65 | 4.57 | 4.41 | 1.95 | 1.97 | 1.80 |
| Debt / FCF | — | 4.62 | 3.78 | 3.87 | 5.45 | 4.84 | 3.47 | 5.06 | 3.05 | 2.69 | 2.66 |
| Interest Coverage | 6.34 | 6.34 | 4.39 | 6.41 | 1.95 | 5.19 | 3.00 | 8.37 | 17.59 | 18.12 | 20.57 |
Short-term solvency ratios and asset-utilisation metrics
| Metric | TTM | FY 2025 | FY 2024 | FY 2023 | FY 2022 | FY 2021 | FY 2020 | FY 2019 | FY 2018 | FY 2017 | FY 2016 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current Ratio | 0.93 | 0.93 | 1.04 | 0.96 | 0.92 | 0.88 | 0.98 | 1.02 | 1.29 | 1.33 | 1.21 |
| Quick Ratio | 0.90 | 0.90 | 1.00 | 0.93 | 0.87 | 0.83 | 0.94 | 0.98 | 1.24 | 1.29 | 1.17 |
| Cash Ratio | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.44 | 0.39 | 0.28 | 0.22 | 0.35 | 0.24 | 0.31 | 0.34 | 0.24 |
| Asset Turnover | — | 0.44 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.48 | 0.43 | 0.35 | 0.38 | 0.65 | 0.63 | 0.68 |
| Inventory Turnover | 22.42 | 22.42 | 21.10 | 23.74 | 17.94 | 15.69 | 13.22 | 16.17 | 25.36 | 26.66 | 26.66 |
| Days Sales Outstanding | — | 95.33 | 81.49 | 82.35 | 42.24 | 45.98 | 41.11 | 52.88 | 36.24 | 148.05 | 133.56 |
Earnings, FCF, buyback, and dividend yields — total returns to shareholders
Full dividend history and growth charts are on the Dividend History page
| Metric | TTM | FY 2025 | FY 2024 | FY 2023 | FY 2022 | FY 2021 | FY 2020 | FY 2019 | FY 2018 | FY 2017 | FY 2016 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dividend Yield | 2.2% | 2.2% | 3.0% | 4.0% | 4.6% | 4.9% | 5.4% | 5.0% | 5.7% | 4.0% | 3.5% |
| Payout Ratio | 59.0% | 59.0% | 102.1% | 80.5% | 362.7% | 102.2% | 103.7% | 60.5% | 64.9% | 95.7% | 44.3% |
| Metric | TTM | FY 2025 | FY 2024 | FY 2023 | FY 2022 | FY 2021 | FY 2020 | FY 2019 | FY 2018 | FY 2017 | FY 2016 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Earnings Yield | 3.7% | 3.8% | 2.9% | 5.0% | 1.3% | 4.8% | 5.2% | 8.2% | 8.8% | 4.2% | 7.8% |
| FCF Yield | 4.1% | 4.1% | 5.7% | 8.0% | 6.6% | 8.3% | 13.9% | 10.4% | 11.3% | 9.4% | 8.5% |
| Buyback Yield | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 1.4% | 4.6% | 3.3% | 2.4% |
| Total Shareholder Yield | 2.2% | 2.2% | 3.0% | 4.3% | 4.9% | 5.1% | 5.7% | 6.4% | 10.3% | 7.3% | 5.8% |
| Shares Outstanding | — | $949M | $937M | $922M | $912M | $905M | $897M | $893M | $916M | $937M | $959M |
High leverage and goodwill
Based on current market data, IBM trades at a forward P/E of 21.85, which appears elevated relative to its historical growth profile and suggests investors are pricing in significant AI-driven margin expansion that has yet to materialize in the reported quarterly financial statements.
The current P/E multiple of 24.32 sits at a notable premium compared to traditional IT services peers, implying that the market is assigning a software-like valuation to a business still heavily reliant on legacy infrastructure. This valuation gap warrants caution, as the PEG ratio of 1.96 suggests that the expected earnings growth may not be sufficient to justify the current share price if the mainframe refresh cycle decelerates.
According to recent financial disclosures, IBM's ROIC has struggled to exceed 4.2% over the last ten quarters, a figure that remains significantly below the company's cost of capital and highlights the dilutive impact of massive goodwill accumulation from past acquisitions.
The persistent gap between ROIC and ROE suggests that the company is relying on financial leverage to boost equity returns rather than generating superior economic value from its underlying assets. Investors should monitor whether the integration of recent software acquisitions can eventually drive returns above the threshold required to create long-term shareholder value.
As reported in quarterly filings, IBM's cash conversion cycle has fluctuated between 34 and 51 days, reflecting inconsistent management of receivables and payables that complicates the company's ability to maintain stable liquidity across its diverse global consulting and hardware business segments.
The variability in DSO, which reached 90 days in 2026Q1, indicates potential challenges in collecting payments from enterprise clients, which may be deferring cash outflows during periods of economic uncertainty. This inefficiency in working capital management suggests that the company's operational leverage is less predictable than that of pure-play software peers.
Based on the provided balance sheet data, IBM's debt-to-equity ratio has remained consistently above 2.0x, a level that appears strained compared to the more conservative capital structures of its primary IT services competitors and limits the company's capacity for aggressive future capital deployment.
While the interest coverage ratio has shown some recovery from 2024 lows, the absolute level of debt remains a structural concern that leaves the balance sheet vulnerable to interest rate volatility. The reliance on debt to fund both dividends and acquisitions suggests that the company has limited room for error in its ongoing operational turnaround.
The P/E ratio is frequently misapplied to IBM, as it obscures the significant impact of non-cash amortization from acquired intangibles and pension-related accounting adjustments that distort the company's true earnings power compared to its more asset-light technology peers.
Analysts should prioritize EV/EBITDA or P/FCF to better capture the cash-generating capacity of the business, as these metrics are less sensitive to the accounting noise inherent in IBM's legacy pension obligations and acquisition-heavy growth strategy. Relying solely on P/E risks misinterpreting the company's valuation by ignoring the substantial capital intensity required to maintain its mainframe and consulting ecosystem.
Includes 30+ ratios · 30 years · Updated daily
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Quick answers to the most common questions about buying IBM stock.
International Business Machines Corporation's current P/E ratio is 26.8x. The historical average is 20.1x. This places it at the 90th percentile of its historical range.
International Business Machines Corporation's current EV/EBITDA is 21.8x. This enterprise value multiple compares the company's total value (equity + debt - cash) to its EBITDA. The historical average is 11.0x.
International Business Machines Corporation's return on equity (ROE) is 35.2%. This is above the typical threshold of 15-20% considered good for most companies. The historical average is 44.1%.
Based on historical data, International Business Machines Corporation is trading at a P/E of 26.8x. This is at the 90th percentile of its historical P/E range. Compare with industry peers and growth rates for a complete picture.
International Business Machines Corporation's current dividend yield is 2.20% with a payout ratio of 59.0%.
International Business Machines Corporation has 59.5% gross margin and 15.3% operating margin. Operating margin between 10-20% is typical for established companies.
International Business Machines Corporation's Debt/EBITDA ratio is 4.4x, indicating high leverage. A ratio above 4x may signal elevated financial risk.